英语翻译Agricultural export earnings The risks of dependency on commodity exportsMany developing countries depend on exports of a small number of agricultural commodities,even a single commodity,for a large share of their export revenues.This con

英语翻译Agricultural export earnings The risks of dependency on commodity exportsMany developing countries depend on exports of a small number of agricultural commodities,even a single commodity,for a large share of their export revenues.This con
英语翻译
Agricultural export earnings The risks of dependency on commodity exports
Many developing countries depend on exports of a small number of agricultural commodities,even a single commodity,for a large share of their export revenues.This concentration leaves such countries highly vulnerable to unfavourable market or climatic conditions.A drought or a drop in prices on the international markets can quickly drain their foreign exchange reserves,stifle their ability to pay for essential imports and plunge them into debt.
As many as 43 developing countries depend on a single commodity for more than 20 percent of their total revenues from merchandise exports.Most of these countries are in sub-Saharan Africa or Latin America and the Caribbean and depend on exports of sugar,coffee,cotton lint or bananas.Most suffer from widespread poverty.More than three-quarters of these 43 countries are classified as LDCs,where per capita GDP is less than US$900 per year.
Furthermore,recent data show that few of the countries concerned are reducing their commodity dependency.In 14 of the countries,dependency on a single agricultural commodity actually increased between 1986-88 and 1997-99,and only seven countries succeeded in reducing their reliance on a single commodity.Over the past 20 years,real prices for many of the commodities these countries depend upon have fluctuated widely and fallen significantly overall (see page 11).
Declines and fluctuations in export earnings have battered income,investment and employment in these countries and left many of them deeply in debt.The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank have classified 42 countries as Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs).Thirty-seven of these rely on primary commodities for more than half of their merchandise export earnings.More than half the world's cocoa and more than a quarter of its coffee are produced in countries classified as HIPCs.

英语翻译Agricultural export earnings The risks of dependency on commodity exportsMany developing countries depend on exports of a small number of agricultural commodities,even a single commodity,for a large share of their export revenues.This con
农产品出口收入的风险依赖初级产品出口
许多发展中国家的出口依赖于少数的农业商品,甚至是一个单纯的商品,占有很大的份额的出口收入.这使这些国家的浓度极易受到不利的市场或气候条件.干旱或下降的价格在国际市场上可以迅速吸干他们的外汇储备,扼杀他们的支付能力和必要的进口下降到债务.
多达43个发展中国家依靠单一商品的百分之二十以上的总收入从商品出口.多数这些国家是在撒哈拉以南非洲或拉丁美洲和加勒比和依赖出口的食糖,咖啡,棉花皮棉或香蕉.最受到普遍的贫穷.四分之三以上的这些43个国家被列为最不发达国家,在人均国内生产总值不到900美元左右.
此外,最近的数据显示,一些有关国家减少其商品的依赖.在14个国家,依赖于一个单一的农业商品实际上增加了1986年至88年和97年至1999年之间,只有7个国家成功地减少了他们的依赖单一商品.在过去20年中,实际价格为许多商品取决于这些国家的波动广泛和全面大幅度下降（见第11页） .
下降和出口收入的波动有被殴打的收入,投资和就业,并在这些国家中许多人留下深刻的债务.国际货币基金（ IMF ）和世界银行已将42个国家为重债穷国（重债穷国） .有37个,这些依赖于初级商品的一半以上,他们的商品出口收入.世界上一半以上的可可和超过四分之一的咖啡生产的国家被列为重债穷国.