英语翻译那哥们忽悠我的。不要直接放Google上翻译的。好的再给100分。不是关于温度的也行。单片机方面的资料了。

英语翻译那哥们忽悠我的。不要直接放Google上翻译的。好的再给100分。不是关于温度的也行。单片机方面的资料了。
英语翻译
那哥们忽悠我的。不要直接放Google上翻译的。
好的再给100分。
不是关于温度的也行。单片机方面的资料了。

英语翻译那哥们忽悠我的。不要直接放Google上翻译的。好的再给100分。不是关于温度的也行。单片机方面的资料了。
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单片机温度控制系统
(一)温度控制系统的组成
温度是工业对象中主要的被控参数之一，象冶金、机械、食品、化工各类工业中，广泛使用的各种加热炉、热处理炉、反应炉等，对工件的处理温度要求严格控制，计算机温度控制系统使温度控制指标得到了大幅度提高。
电阻炉炉温控制系统的控制过程是：单片机定时对炉温进行检测，经A/D转换芯片得到相应的数字量，经过计算机进行数据转换，得到应有的控制量...

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单片机温度控制系统
(一)温度控制系统的组成
温度是工业对象中主要的被控参数之一，象冶金、机械、食品、化工各类工业中，广泛使用的各种加热炉、热处理炉、反应炉等，对工件的处理温度要求严格控制，计算机温度控制系统使温度控制指标得到了大幅度提高。
电阻炉炉温控制系统的控制过程是：单片机定时对炉温进行检测，经A/D转换芯片得到相应的数字量，经过计算机进行数据转换，得到应有的控制量，去控制加热功率，从而实现对温度的控制。
进行系统设计时应考虑如下问题：
炉温变化规律的控制，即炉温按预定的温度——时间关系变化，这主要在控制程序设计中考虑。
温度控制范围：如400~1000℃，这就涉及到测温元件、电炉功率的选择等。
控制精度、超调量等指标，这涉及到A/D转换精度、控制规律选择等。
(二)硬件电路设计
1.温度检测元件及变送器、ADC的选择
温度检测元件及变送器的选择要考虑温度控制范围及精度要求。对于0~1000℃的测量范围，采用热电偶，如镍铬热电偶，分度号为EU，其输出信号为0~41.32mV，经毫伏变送器，输出0~10mA，然后再经过电流——电压变换电路转换为0~5V电压信号。为了提高测量精度，可将变送器进行零点迁移，例如温度测量范围改为400~1000℃，热电偶给出16.4~41.32mV时，使变送器输出0~10mV，这样使用8位A/D转换器，能使量化误差达到±2.34℃。
2.接口芯片的扩展
由于本系统既要显示、报警、键盘输入，又要进行控制，所以系统在8031系统中扩展了一片8155，它有三个8位I/O口，256字节的RAM，可以作为外部数据存储器供系统使用，8031的P2.1接8155的CE，P2.0接8155的IO/M，当P2.1＝0，P2.0＝1时，选中8155片内的三个I/O端口，其口地址如下：
0100H〖〗命令状态寄存器0101H〖〗A口0102H〖〗B口0103H〖〗C口或控制口寄存器0104H〖〗计数值低八位0105H〖〗计数值高八位和方式寄存器当P2.2＝0时，选中ADC0809（允许启动各通道转换与读取相应的转换结果）。转换结束信号EOC经倒相后接至单片机的外部中断INT1（P3.3），当P3.3＝0时，说明转换结束。我们选用0通道作为输入，把0809视为一个地址为03F8H的外部数据存储单元，对其写数据时，8031的WR信号使ALE和START有效，将74LS373锁存的地址低三位存入0809，并启动ADC0809，D 9EOC为低电平时，A/D转换正在进行，当EOC为高电平时，表示转换结束，8031可以读如转换好的数据。
3.温度控制电路
温度控制电路采用晶闸管调功方式。双向晶闸管串在50Hz交流电源和加热丝电路中，只要在给定周期里改变晶闸管开关的接通时间的脉冲信号即可。这可以用一条I/O线，通过程序输出控制脉冲。
为了达到过零触发的目的，需要交流电过零检测电路。此电路输出对应于50Hz交流电压过零时刻的脉冲，作为触发双向晶闸管的同步脉冲，使晶闸管，在交流电压过零时刻导通。
电压比较器LM311将50HZ正弦交流电压变成方波。方波上升沿和下降沿分别作为单稳态触发器的触发信号，单稳触发器输出的窄脉冲经二极管或门混合，就得到对应于220V市电过零时刻的同步脉冲。此脉冲一路作为触发同步脉冲加到温控电路，一路作为计数脉冲加到单片机8031的P3.4和P3.5输入端。
(三)控制规律的选择和程序设计
电阻炉炉温控制是这样一个反馈调节过程，比较实际炉温和需要炉温得到偏差，通过对偏差的处理获得控制信号，去调节电阻炉的热功率，从而实现对炉温的控制。
按照偏差的比例、积分和微分产生控制作用（PID控制），是过程控制中应用最广泛的一种控制形式。
计算机PID是用差分方程近似实现的。
PID调节规律的微分方程（略）。
系统控制程序采用两重中断嵌套方式设计。首先使T0计数器产生定时中断，作为本系统的采样周期。在中断服务程序中启动A/D，读入采样数据，进行数字滤波、上下限报警处理，PID计算，然后输出控制脉冲信号。脉冲宽度由T1计数器溢出中断决定。在等待T1中断时，将本次采样值转换成对应的温度值放入显示缓冲区，然后调用显示子程序。从T1中断返回后，再从T0中断返回主程序并且、继续显示本次采样温度，等待下次T0中断。
Thelist slice machine temperature controls system
(A)temperature control the system constitute
The temperature mainly is charged one of the parameters in the industrial object, the elephant metallurgy, machine, food and chemical engineering are each kind of in the industry, various heating stove, hot processing stove, and reactor...etc. extensively use, strictly control to the processing temperature request of the work piece, the calculator temperature control system makes temperature control the index sign got a significant exaltation.
Electric resistance stove stove control system of control process BE:The list slice machine in fixed time carries on an examination to stove, through the A|the D convert chip to get homologous amount of number and carry on a data conversion after calculator and get the amount of control that should have, control heating power and carry out the control to the temperature thus.
Should consider the following problem while carrying on a system design:
Stove the control of the variety regulation, namely stove the at the set temperature-time relate to variety, this primarily focuseds on controling to consider in the program design.
The temperature controls scope:Is like 400~1000 ℃ , this involves the choice of measuring component, electric stove power etc..
Control accuracy, super adjust index signs like quantity,etc, this involves A|the D convert accuracy, control a regulation choice...etc..
(Two)the hardware electric circuit design
1.The temperature examines a component and changes to sends the choice of the machine, ADC
The temperature examines a component and changes to sends the choice of the machine to want to consider a temperature control scope and accuracy request.Is 1000 ℃ diagraph scopes to 0~, adoption thermocouple, such as Nie chrome thermocouple, cent degree is an EU, it outputs the signal as 0~41.32 mVs, is changed to send a machine by milli- Fu, output a 0~10 mas, then convert into the 0~5 V electric voltage signal after the electric current-electric voltage transformation electric circuit.For raising to measure accuracy, will change to send to a machine to carry on zero:00 migration, for example temperature measure the scope change to 400~1000 ℃ , thermocouple give 16.4~41.32 mVs, make to change to send to a machine to output a 0~10 mVs, use 8 As like this|D conversion machine, can make the quantity turn an error margin to attain ±2.34 ℃ .
2.Connect expanding of a people's chip
Because this system since want to show, report to the police, keyboard importation, and then want to carry on a control, so the system expanded one in 8031 systems 8155, it has three 8 Is|O, RAM of 256 word stanzas, can be an external data saving the machine provide a system use, 8031 P2.1s connect 8155 CEs, the P2.0 connects 8155 IOs|M, be P 2.1=0, P 2.0=1:00, pick out three Is in 8155 slices|O port, its the address is as follows:
The 0100 H 〖〗 order status deposits the 0102 H 〖〗 B 0103 H 〖〗 C of the machine 0101 H 〖〗 AN or control to deposit the machine 0104 H 〖〗 to count to be worth eight low 0105 H 〖〗s to count to be worth Gao Ba Wei and way to deposit a machine be P 2.2=0:00, pick out ADC0809.(allow to initiate each passage conversion and read homologous conversion result)Convert to end signal EOC after pouring mutually connect into list the external interruption INT1(P3.3) of the slice machine, be P 3.3=0:00, explain conversion be over.We choose 0 passages as importations, 0809 see to an address to save unit for the external data of 03 F8 Hs, as to it's write a data, 8031 WR signals make ALE be as effective as START, 74 LS373 the locks save of address low 3 deposits 0809, and start ADC0809, the D 9 EOCs is a low electricity peacetime, A|the D convert under way, be EOC is Gao Dian peacetime, mean conversion be over, 8031 can read if convert a good data.
3.The temperature controls electric circuit
The temperature control electric circuit adopts a crystal Zha tube to adjust an achievement method.Double to crystal Zha tube string at 50 Hz AC power and heating silk electric circuit in, as long as is giving to settle in period and change horary pulse signal of connecting of the crystal Zha tube switch then.This can use an I|O line, pass the procedure exportation control pulse.
For once attaining zero to trigger of purpose, need alternate current to lead zero to examine electric circuit.This electric circuit exportation to the pulse that should ran over zero times at the 50 Hz alternate current, Be trigger the synchronous pulse that the pair takes care of toward the crystal Zha, make crystal Zha take care of, ran over zero times to lead in the alternate current.
Electric voltage compare the machine LM31150 HZ sine exchanges the electric voltage become square wave.Square wave the ascension follow and descend to follow respectively Be list the steady state trigger triggering of machine signal, single steady the output's narrow pulse triggering a machine have to arrive to the synchronous pulse that shoulded once give or get an electric shock zero times at the 220 V City through the diode or mixture in the door.This pulse all the way Be trigger synchronous pulse to add Wen Kong's electric circuit, all the way Be count pulse to add single slice of machine 8031 P3.4s and P3.5 importationses to carry.
(Three)control the choice and program design of regulation
Electric resistance stove stove control is such a feedback to regulate process, more actual stove of moderate demand stove get deviation and acquire control signal through the processing to the deviation and regulate the hot power of electric resistance stove and carry out the control to stove thus.
Produce to control a function(PID control) according to proportion, integral calculus and differential calculus of deviation, apply a kind of the most extensive control form in the process control.
Calculator PID looks like a realization with the difference equation.
PID regulates the differential equation of regulation.(slightly)
The system control procedure adopts two heavy interruption Qian set the method design.Making the T0 count a machine creation to break off in fixed time first is the sample period of this system.BE breaking off to start AN in service procedure|D, read the data is into the sample and carry on a number to filter a wave, top and bottom limit to report to the police a processing, PID calculation, then output to control pulse signal.The pulse width is counted machine spillage by the T1 to break off decision.While waiting for T1 interruption, convert this sample value to should of the temperature value put to go into to show buffer area, then adjust to use to show sub- procedure.Return to a lord from the T0 interruptionses again procedure since the T1 interruption returned and, continue to show this sample temperature, wait for the T0 interruptionses in next time.

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